Getting Started

Installing dependencies

KUnit has the same dependencies as the Linux kernel. As long as you can build the kernel, you can run KUnit.

KUnit Wrapper

Included with KUnit is a simple Python wrapper that helps format the output to easily use and read KUnit output. It handles building and running the kernel, as well as formatting the output.

The wrapper can be run with:

./tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py run

Creating a kunitconfig

The Python script is a thin wrapper around Kbuild as such, it needs to be configured with a kunitconfig file. This file essentially contains the regular Kernel config, with the specific test targets as well.

git clone -b kunit/alpha/master https://kunit.googlesource.com/kunitconfig $PATH_TO_KUNITCONFIG_REPO
cd $PATH_TO_LINUX_REPO
ln -s $PATH_TO_KUNITCONFIG_REPO/kunitconfig kunitconfig

You may want to add kunitconfig to your local gitignore.

Verifying KUnit Works

To make sure that everything is set up correctly, simply invoke the Python wrapper from your kernel repo:

./tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py run

Note

You may want to run make mrproper first.

If everything worked correctly, you should see the following:

Generating .config ...
Building KUnit Kernel ...
Starting KUnit Kernel ...

followed by a list of tests that are run. All of them should be passing.

Note

Because it is building a lot of sources for the first time, the Building kunit kernel step may take a while.

Writing your first test

In your kernel repo let’s add some code that we can test. Create a file drivers/misc/example.h with the contents:

struct misc_example {
        int (*misc_example_foo)(struct misc_example *, int);
};

int misc_example_bar(struct misc_example *example);

create a file drivers/misc/example.c:

#include <linux/errno.h>

#include "example.h"

int misc_example_bar(struct misc_example *example)
{
        if (example->misc_example_foo(example, 5))
                return -EIO;
        else
                return 0;
}

Now add the following lines to drivers/misc/Kconfig:

config MISC_EXAMPLE
        bool "My example"

and the following lines to drivers/misc/Makefile:

obj-$(CONFIG_MISC_EXAMPLE) += example.o

Now we are ready to write the test. The test will be in drivers/misc/example-test.c:

#include <test/test.h>
#include <test/mock.h>
#include "example.h"

/* Define the mock. */

DECLARE_STRUCT_CLASS_MOCK_PREREQS(misc_example);

DEFINE_STRUCT_CLASS_MOCK(METHOD(misc_example_foo), CLASS(misc_example),
                         RETURNS(int),
                         PARAMS(struct misc_example *, int));

static int misc_example_init(struct MOCK(misc_example) *mock_example)
{
        struct misc_example *example = mock_get_trgt(mock_example);

        example->misc_example_foo = misc_example_foo;
        return 0;
}

DEFINE_STRUCT_CLASS_MOCK_INIT(misc_example, misc_example_init);

/* Define the test cases. */

static void misc_example_bar_test_success(struct test *test)
{
        struct MOCK(misc_example) *mock_example = test->priv;
        struct misc_example *example = mock_get_trgt(mock_example);
        struct mock_expectation *handle;

        handle = EXPECT_CALL(misc_example_foo(mock_get_ctrl(mock_example),
                                              int_eq(test, 5)));
        handle->action = int_return(test, 0);

        EXPECT_EQ(test, 0, misc_example_bar(example));
}

static void misc_example_bar_test_failure(struct test *test)
{
        struct MOCK(misc_example) *mock_example = test->priv;
        struct misc_example *example = mock_get_trgt(mock_example);
        struct mock_expectation *handle;

        handle = EXPECT_CALL(misc_example_foo(mock_get_ctrl(mock_example),
                                              int_eq(test, 5)));
        handle->action = int_return(test, -EINVAL);

        EXPECT_EQ(test, -EINVAL, misc_example_bar(example));
}

static int misc_example_test_init(struct test *test)
{
        test->priv = CONSTRUCT_MOCK(misc_example, test);
        if (!test->priv)
                return -EINVAL;

        return 0;
}

static void misc_example_test_exit(struct test *test)
{
}

static struct test_case misc_example_test_cases[] = {
        TEST_CASE(misc_example_bar_test_success),
        TEST_CASE(misc_example_bar_test_failure),
        {},
};

static struct test_module misc_example_test_module = {
        .name = "misc-example",
        .init = misc_example_test_init,
        .exit = misc_example_test_exit,
        .test_cases = misc_example_test_cases,
};
module_test(misc_example_test_module);

Now add the following to drivers/misc/Kconfig:

config MISC_EXAMPLE_TEST
        bool "Test for my example"
        depends on MISC_EXAMPLE && TEST

and the following to drivers/misc/Makefile:

obj-$(CONFIG_MISC_EXAMPLE_TEST) += example-test.o

Now add it to your kunitconfig:

CONFIG_MISC_EXAMPLE=y
CONFIG_MISC_EXAMPLE_TEST=y

Now you can run the test:

./tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py run

You should see the following failure:

...
kunit misc-example: misc_example_bar_test_success passed
kunit misc-example: EXPECTATION FAILED at drivers/misc/example-test.c:48
        Expected -22 == misc_example_bar(example), but
                -22 == -22
                misc_example_bar(example) == -5
kunit misc-example: misc_example_bar_test_failure failed
kunit misc-example: one or more tests failed

Congrats! You just wrote your first KUnit test!

Next Steps

  • Check out the Using KUnit page for a more in-depth explanation of KUnit.